Counter-recoil fluid-brake.



J. B. DILLARU & E. U. MORIARTY.

COUNTER RECOIL FLUID BRAKE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB 14. 1916.

PatentedApr. 18, 1916.

2 snzns-suszr 1.'

J. B. DILLARD & E. C. MORIARTY.

comma RECOIL FLUID BRAKE. 7

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 14, 1916. I

Patented Apr. 18, 1916.

TED STATES PATENT JAMES B. DILLARD, OF THE UNITED STATES ARMY, ANID ERNEST: G. MORIARTY, OF CLARENDON, VIRGINIA.

coun'rnn-nnoorr. FLUID-BRAKE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedzApr. 18, 1916.

(DEDICATED TO THE BUZBL'IC.)

To all whom itmay concern Be it known that we, J .urnsB. DILLARD, major United States Army, a citizen of the United States, now stationed in Washington. in the District of Columbia, andEnxns'r C. Monran'rv. of Clarendon, Virginia, a citizen of the United States, residing temporarily in the District of Columbia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inCounter-Recoil Fluid-Brakes; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883,. chapter 143 (22 Stat., 625), and the invention herein described and claimed may be used by the Government of the United States, or any of its officers or employees, in the prosecution of work for the Government, or by any person in the United States without the payment to us of any royalty thereon.

The present invention relates to fluid brakes for controlling the counter-recoil of guns, the object of which is to provide means whereby the resistance of the counterrecoil buffer may be varied as the angle of elevation of the gun is changed. To this end we arrange a plunger provided with longitudinal grooves at one end of the recoil cylinder and connected to a fixed portion of the mount through gearing so that it will rotate as the gun is elevated or depressed, and a hollow extension projecting from one side of the piston. During counter-recoil the hollow extension moves longitudinally along the plunger into a recess at the. end of the recoil cylinder. The fluid in this recess is forced, by the running-for ward device of the mount, along the longitudinal grooves in the plunger and passes out through a series of passages in the wall of the hollow extension on the piston into the recoil cylinder. As the hollow extension passes into the recess at the end of the recoil cylinder the number of passages through which the fluid can pass into the recoil cylinder will diminish at a rate depending upon their spacing in the hollow extension and the velocity of counter-recoil. For the elevation that requires the greatest resistance during counter-recoil, the required number of passages areprovided in the hollow'extension, and the plunger. is assembled in relation to the extension sothat the passages will communicate withv the longitudinal grooves in the plunger, the other passages 1n the extension being-covered by the solid portion of the plunger. As the gun 1s elevated from this position, the plunger rotates and at any predetermined elevation, the longitudinal grooves in the plunger will come opposite other passages in the extension and said passageswill be added to the passages that were open at the previous elevation, and the resistance of the buffer will therefore be lessened;

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal cross section of the recoil cylinder and counter-recoil buffer. Figs. 2, 3, aud t, show cross sections of the counter-recoil buffer in the plane XY, corresponding to different elevations of the gun. Fig. 5 shows, in development, the general arrangement of the passages in the hollow extension on the piston. Fig. 6 shows a diagram of the area of the passages in the hollow extension through which the fluid passes at different elevations of the gun. Fig. 7 shows across section of the plunger with the longitudinal grooves c. Fig. 8 shows the hollow extension on the piston just as it is about to enter the recess at the end of the recoil cylinden' Fig. 9 shows another arrangement of the invention. Fig. 10 is a section of 72 shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a development of sleeve is shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 12 shows a means whereby the plunger a, shown in Fig. l, or the piston rod m shown in Fig. 9, is automatically rotated as the gun is elevated or depressed.

In Fig. 1, the plunger a feeds into a recess, (Z, cut in the piston rod, 7). As the gun recoils, the relative movement of the plunger and piston rod is such that the plunger slides longitudinally in the recess and it may or may not slide completely out of the recess, depending upon the relation of the two, or length of recoil of the gun to the length of counter-recoil the fluid brake is intended .to act on. In Fig. 7, a shows the grooves 0' cut to form passages for the passage of the liquid. As the gun counter-recoils, the fluid is trapped in the spaces (Z and c which are connected by the passage 0. Communicating with the passage 0 certain holes, 7, are provided which permit the entrapped fluid to escape from (Z and 0 into the cylinder f. These holes r are arrangedin sets in such a way that one or more of the sets are closed and made inoperative (luring counter-recoil by the shape of the plunger a. \Vith the plunger a and the piston 72 in the relative positions shown in Fig. 4, the liquid can escape from a and (Z into the space f only through the set of holes, C. the sets of holes A and B being closed by the plunger a. It now the plunger a is rotated with reference to the piston b, the parts will arrive at the position shown in Fig. 3 and the liquid will be able to escape through two sets of holes, A and C. If further relative rotation is made between a and 71, the parts will arrive at the position shown in Fig. 2 and the liquid can escape through three sets of holes, A,.B, and C. The ordinates under curve 3 of Fig. 6 show the areas of the holes available for the escape of the fluid at the various positions of the gun in counter-recoil when the three sets of holes, A, B, and C, areoperative, as shown in Fig. 2. In this case, the resistance to counter-recoil is least in any given position of counter-recoil. Curve 2 of Fig. 6 shows the areas of the holes available for escape of the fluid when the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 3 and two sets of holes A, and C, are operative. Curve 1 of Fig. 6 shows the areas available for the escape of fluid when the parts are in the relative position shown in Fig. 4 and only one set of holes, C, is operative; in this case the resistance to counter-recoil is greatest at any given point.

In Fig. 9, the plunger h and the sleeve recoil relatively to the piston rod m. As the gun is elevated or depressed, the piston m is rotated relatively to the recoil cylinder n to which the plunger h is fixed. The sleeve k is keyed to the recoil valve 0 which is rotated with the piston m by means of longitudinal keys. In Figs. 10 and 11, the throttling holes are indicated by 79. The plunger it has grooves or other longitudinal passages to permit flow of the fluid similar to those shown in Figs. 1 and 7. In Fig. 12, T is afixed portion of the mount with the projection '11. The gun is elevated or depressed by its rotation about the axis C. On the end of the piston rod, m or plunger a is a bevel gear 8, meshing with the bevel gear a which is rotated by the crank t. The crank 25 is connected to the projection 42 by the link ea. As the gun is elevated or de pressed, the piston rod or plunger, as the case may be, will be caused to rotate in relation to the recoil cylinder.

It must be understood that there may be more than three sets of holes A, B, and C, as shown on the drawing. The number may be greater or less as is necessary; also what tension projecting beyond the other side of the piston, said extension provided with outlet passages, a plunger rod rotatably mounted in said extension and recess, and furnished with longitudinal grooves whereby the resistance to counter-recoil is varied.

2. A gun mount comprising a recoil cylinder and a piston, a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess, and a hollow extension projecting beyond the other side of the piston, said extension provided with outlet passages, a plunger rod rotatably mount ed in said extension and recess, furnished with longitudinal grooves and connections whereby the resistance to counter-recoil is automatically varied by changes in eleva tion or depression of the gun.

3. A gun mount comprising a'recoil cylinder and a piston, a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess, and a hollow extension projecting beyond the other side of the piston, said extension provided with outlet passages arranged in rows, a plunger rod rotatably mounted in said extension and recess, and furnished with longitudinal grooves whereby the resistance to counterrecoil is varied.

4. A gun mount comprising a recoil cylinder and a piston, a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess, and a hollow extension projecting beyond the other side of the piston, said extension provided with outlet passages arranged in rows, a plunger rod rotatably mounted in said extension and recess, furnished with longitudinal grooves and connections whereby the resistance to counter-recoil is automatically varied by changes in elevation or depression of the gun.

5. A gun mount comprising a recoil cylinder and a piston, and a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess and a sleeve mounted rotatably at one end of the recoil cylinder, said sleeve provided with outlet passages, a plunger rod fixed to the recoil cylinder and passing through the said sleeve, and furnished with longitudinal grooves whereby'the resistance to counter-recoil is varied.

6. A gun mount comprising a recoil cyllnder and a piston, and a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess and a sleeve mounted rotatably at one end of the recoil changes in elevation or depression of the gun.

7. A gun mount comprising a recoil cyl inder and a piston, and a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess and a sleeve mounted rotatably at one end of the recoil cylinder, said sleeve provided with outlet passages arranged in rows, a plunger rod fixed to the recoil cylinder and passing through the said sleeve, and furnished with longitudinal grooves whereby the resistance to counter-recoil is varied.

8. A gun mount com rising a recoil cylinder and a piston, an a piston rod provided with a longitudinal recess and a sleeve mounted rotatably at one end of the recoil cylinder, said sleeve provided with outlet passages arranged in rows, a plunger rod fixed to the recoil cylinder and assing through the said sleeve, furnished w1th longitudinal grooves and connections whereby the resistance to counter-recoil is automatically varied by changes in elevation or depression of the gun.

JAMES B. DILLARD. ERNEST C. MORIARTY.

Witnesses:

ARTHUR ADELMAN, D. J. Luoxn'r'r. 

